Cheap flight deals from New York to Rome (NYC-ROM) Here are some of the best deals found on KAYAK recently from the most popular airlines for round-trip flights from New York to Rome that are departing in the next months. While these flights were available on KAYAK in the last 72 hours, prices and availability are subject to change and deals ... Use Google Flights to plan your next trip and find cheap one way or round trip flights from Rome to New York. Find the best flights fast, track prices, and book with confidence. Flights to Islip, New York, New York State. $382. Flights to New Windsor, New York State. $360. Flights to New York, New York State. $954. Flights to Watertown, New York, New York State. Fly from Rome to New York State on Norse Atlantic Airways from $96... Search for New York State flights on KAYAK now to find the best deal. Find low-fare American Airlines flights to Rome. Enjoy our travel experience and great prices. Book the lowest fares on Rome flights today! Find low-fare American Airlines flights to Rome. Enjoy our travel experience and great prices. ... New York (NYC) to. Rome (FCO) 05/15/24 - 05/22/24. from. $623* Updated: 6 hours ago. Round trip. I. …Use Google Flights to explore cheap flights to anywhere. Search destinations and track prices to find and book your next flight.United flights to Rome from. $ 623. * Roundtrip. expand_more. 1 Passenger, Economy. expand_more. Promotion Code. expand_more. Book with cash. expand_more. From. … There are 5 airlines that fly nonstop from New York to Rome. They are: American Airlines, Delta, ITA Airways, Norse Atlantic Airways and United Airlines. The cheapest price of all airlines flying this route was found with Norse Atlantic Airways at $396 for a one-way flight. On average, the best prices for this route can be found at Norse ... Cheap flight deals from New York to Rome (NYC-ROM) Here are some of the best deals found on KAYAK recently from the most popular airlines for round-trip flights from New York to Rome that are departing in the next months. While these flights were available on KAYAK in the last 72 hours, prices and availability are subject to change and deals ...Cheap flights from Buffalo (BUF) to Rome (FCO) Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at CA $655 for one-way flights and CA $751 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Book one-way or return flights from Buffalo to Rome with no change fee on selected flights.Find and book roundtrip flights from New York to Rome starting at $199 for one-way and $449 for roundtrip. Compare prices, dates, airlines and earn airline miles with Expedia.Search & compare business class flights to Italy from 2 airlines, including SWISS, Icelandair. ... NYC JFK there is no information about delayed flight, ... We missed our connection from YVR to Naples when we arrived in Zurich and then we got re-routed to Rome and then Naples.Calculation principles. The myclimate flight calculator determines the quantity of CO 2 emissions that an aeroplane gives off per passenger for a given flight distance. Nitrogen compounds and aerosols are also included and converted into CO 2. The calculation is based on average consumption data for typical short-haul and long-haul aeroplanes. Cheap Flights from New York to Rome (LGA-FCO) Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at $458 for one-way flights and $510 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Book one-way or return flights from New York to Rome with no change fee on selected flights. First Class. Rome Ciampino Airport. $1,598. Rome Fiumicino Airport. Search and compare first class flight deals to Rome. Fly from New York from $3,712, from Newark from $3,721. Book your first class tickets to Rome. Airfares from $291 One Way, $471 Round Trip from New York to Venice. Prices starting at $471 for return flights and $291 for one-way flights to Venice were the cheapest prices found within the past 7 days, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Mon, Sep 30 - Mon, Oct 21.Use Google Flights to find cheap departing flights to Rome and to track prices for specific travel dates for your next getaway. Cheap Flights from New York to Rome (LGA-FCO) Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at $458 for one-way flights and $510 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Book one-way or return flights from New York to Rome with no change fee on selected flights. There are 4 airlines that fly nonstop from New York to Athens. They are: American Airlines, Delta, Emirates and United Airlines. The cheapest price of all airlines flying this route was found with American Airlines at $648 for a one-way flight. On average, the best prices for this route can be found at Emirates.Direct. Tue, Apr 23 FCO – JFK with Norse Atlantic Airways. Direct. from $315. Rome.$316 per passenger.Departing Wed, Apr 24, returning Fri, May 3.Round-trip flight with Norse Atlantic Airways.Outbound direct flight with Norse Atlantic Airways departing from New York John F. Kennedy on Wed, Apr 24, arriving in Rome Fiumicino.Inbound …Cheap Flights from Rome to New York (ROM-NYC) Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at $106 for one-way flights and $345 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Book one-way or return flights from Rome to New York with no change fee on selected flights. To find the best deals on flights to New York from Rome with Delta, just enter your travel dates, filter by Delta, and hit search. You’ll find 2 flights to choose from and can sort by price, flight duration, and arrival or departure time. Return flights from New York JFK to Rome FCO with Delta If you’re planning a round trip, booking return ... 14:00. Iberia / Operated by American Airlines 235. (FCO to JFK) Track the current status of flights departing from (FCO) Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport and arriving in (JFK) John F. Kennedy International Airport.$623* Updated: 19 hours ago. Across 14 KLM flights from New York to Rome this week, the average price was $963, with the best KLM deals starting from $512 round-trip. 1,669 users have rated KLM on momondo, with an average score of 7.8/10. SWISS Flights From New York to Rome. $560 is the best SWISS flight deal from New York to Rome found on momondo over the last 72 hours. Europe ». Italy ». Rome ». Delta. Find and compare Delta flights to Rome (ROM). Fly from the United States with Delta to Rome. From New York $558; From Newark $562; From New York $562. Search for flights now | KAYAK.Rome (FCO) 05/07/24 - 05/14/24. from. $623* Updated: 14 hours ago. Round trip. I. Economy. See Latest Fare. New York (JFK) to. Rome (FCO) 04/24/24 - 05/01/24. from. ... flight_land. Budget $ Travel class. Travel Class. keyboard_arrow_down. Please use the search function at the top of the page to find our best flight dealsFlight distance: 4,292 miles or 6907 km. Flight time: 9 hours, 5 minutes. Compare this to a whole day of commercial travel with the airports and waiting in line for security, which ends up taking a total of 13 hours, 20 minutes. Flying private is roughly 1.5x faster, and saves you about 4.5 hours in your total travel time. CLT Charlotte. 15h 26m. 35m. 5370 (8640 km) The flight times and layover times in the table above are approximate and vary depending on flight number, aircraft, airline, weather and time of day.New York to Rome flight routes illustrated on a map. Ad. The best routes and connecting flights from John F Kennedy International to Fiumicino. Compare flight deals to Rome from New York Newark from over 1,000 providers. Then choose the cheapest plane tickets or fastest journeys. Flex your dates to find the best New York Newark–Rome ticket prices. If you're flexible when it comes to your travel dates, use Skyscanner's "Whole month" tool to find the cheapest month, and even day to fly ...Most popular destinations from New York (JFK) Fly Emirates to New York (JFK) and beyond. Get inspired by our recommended destinations and book your next flight or vacation today. And on your way, enjoy superior comfort, gourmet meals and award-winning entertainment with us, whether you’re flying in Economy Class, Premium Economy, …2 days ago · How long is the flight from New York to Rome? The total flight time from New York to Rome is approximately 8 hours and 35 minutes. The total distance is 6885km/4280 miles. Things to do and places to see in Rome. With a history spanning over 2,500 years Rome is a powerhouse of culture. From Roman Emperors to Incredible Artists, this city has ... Business Class. Rome Ciampino Airport. $1,497. Rome Fiumicino Airport. Search and compare business class flight deals to Rome. Fly from New York from $1,629, from Newark from $1,824. Book your business class tickets to Rome. Flying time from Syracuse, NY to Rome, Italy. The total flight duration from Syracuse, NY to Rome, Italy is 9 hours, 6 minutes. This assumes an average flight speed for a commercial airliner of 500 mph, which is equivalent to 805 km/h or 434 knots. It also adds an extra 30 minutes for take-off and landing. Your exact time may vary depending on ...New York State ». New York. $557. Flights from New Windsor to Rome Ciampino Airport. $1,244. Flights from New York John F Kennedy Intl Airport to Rome Ciampino Airport. $1,163. Flights from New York LaGuardia Airport to Rome Ciampino Airport. $1,007.Finding cheap flights to Rome is a breeze with Skyscanner. Flight prices often vary, and your fare depends on travel date, seat availability, and booking time. We've checked fares from all major online travel agents and airlines flying to Rome to find you the cheapest tickets. With Skyscanner, there are no hidden costs – the price you see is ...The calculation of flight time is based on the straight line distance from JFK to Rome, Italy ("as the crow flies"), which is about 4,285 miles or 6 896 kilometers. Your trip begins at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, New York. It ends in Rome, Italy. Your flight direction from JFK to Rome, Italy is Northeast (57 degrees from ...The two airlines most popular with KAYAK users for flights from Newark to Rome are SWISS and United Airlines. With an average price for the route of $862 and an overall rating of 7.8, SWISS is the most popular choice. United Airlines is also a great choice for the route, with an average price of $1,087 and an overall rating of 7.4. There are 4 airlines that fly nonstop from New York John F Kennedy Intl Airport to Rome Fiumicino Airport. They are: American Airlines, Delta, ITA Airways and Norse Atlantic Airways. The cheapest price of all airlines flying this route was found with Norse Atlantic Airways at $396 for a one-way flight. On average, the best prices for this route ... There are 4 airlines that fly nonstop from Rome to New York John F Kennedy Intl Airport. They are: American Airlines, Delta, ITA Airways and Norse Atlantic Airways. The cheapest price of all airlines flying this route was found with Delta at $396 for a one-way flight.The calculation of flight time is based on the straight line distance from JFK to Rome, Italy ("as the crow flies"), which is about 4,285 miles or 6 896 kilometers. Your trip begins at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York, New York. It ends in Rome, Italy. Your flight direction from JFK to Rome, Italy is Northeast (57 degrees from ... To find the best deals on flights to New York from Rome with Delta, just enter your travel dates, filter by Delta, and hit search. You’ll find 2 flights to choose from and can sort by price, flight duration, and arrival or departure time. Return flights from New York JFK to Rome FCO with Delta If you’re planning a round trip, booking return ... New York City to Rome (Fiumicino) Flights Flights from JFK to FCO are operated 41 times a week, with an average of 6 flights per day. Departure times vary between 00:30 - 23:55. The earliest flight departs at 00:30, the last flight departs at 23:55. However, this depends on the date you are flying so please check with the full flight schedule ... Use Google Flights to plan your next trip and find cheap one way or round trip flights from Rome to New York. Find the best flights fast, track prices, and book with confidence. Find cheap flights to Rome from $163. Round-trip. 1 adult. Economy. 0 bags. Add hotel. sáb 5/18. sáb 5/25. Search. Direct flights only. Search hundreds of travel sites at once …Apr 11, 2024 · Find airfare and ticket deals for cheap flights from New York, NY to Rome, Italy. Search flight deals from various travel partners with one click at $213. Detailed flight information from Rome FCO to New York JFK. See all airline(s) with scheduled flights and weekly timetables up to 9 months ahead. Flightnumbers and complete route information. ... New York , NY , USA CHANGE DIRECTION Flight time. 11h 05m. Flight distance. 4290mi, 6903km. VIEW LARGER MAP. SHOW ROUTE ON THE …Which Rome Airport To Fly Into. Rome has two major airports: Fiumicino and Ciampino. While Ciampino offers many flights to and from other countries in Europe, it’s not designed for intercontinental flights. More clearly, you won’t be flying into Ciampino if you’re coming from the United States.Starting November 2023, EY 83 will depart Abu Dhabi 08:55 local time and will arrive in Rome 12:15 local time. Etihad currently uses its fleet of Boeing 777 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner for flights to Rome. Full schedules and fares from Abu Dhabi to Rome can be viewed here.Flying time from New York, NY to Rome, Italy. The total flight duration from New York, NY to Rome, Italy is 9 hours, 5 minutes. This assumes an average flight speed for a commercial airliner of 500 mph, which is equivalent to 805 km/h or 434 knots. It also adds an extra 30 minutes for take-off and landing. Your exact time may vary depending on ...Airfares from $267 One Way, $405 Round Trip from Rome to New York. Prices starting at $405 for return flights and $267 for one-way flights to New York were the cheapest prices found within the past 7 days, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Fri, May 3 - Wed, May 8.Book your ITA Airways flight from New York to Rome and discover the Eternal City, the ancient capital of the world with an unparalleled historical and artistic heritage. Fly from New York to Rome with ITA Airways. Discover all exclusive advantages for you and book your ticket now. We look forward to welcoming you on board.New York City to Rome (Fiumicino) Flights Flights from JFK to FCO are operated 41 times a week, with an average of 6 flights per day. Departure times vary between 00:30 - 23:55. The earliest flight departs at 00:30, the last flight departs at 23:55. However, this depends on the date you are flying so please check with the full flight schedule ... My dates are flexible. SHOW FARES. Include Nearby Airports. Search for a Delta flight round-trip, multi-city or more. You choose from over 300 destinations worldwide to find a flight that fits your schedule. For example, a flight from Fort Lauderdale FLL to Rome ROM in November 2024 starts at just 546 $. We offer several flights per week to Rome on numerous routes for your convenience. While on your flight, enjoy our exclusive in-flight meals and wile away the time with our state-of-the-art entertainment system.There are 5 airlines that fly nonstop from New York to Miami. They are: American Airlines, Delta, JetBlue, Spirit Airlines and United Airlines. The cheapest price of all airlines flying this route was found with Spirit Airlines at $57 for a one-way flight. On average, the best prices for this route can be found at Spirit Airlines.Find the lowest prices on one-way and round-trip tickets right here. Paros.$728 per passenger.Departing Sat, Apr 27, returning Sun, May 5.Round-trip flight with Norse Atlantic Airways (UK) and SKY express.Outbound indirect flight with Norse Atlantic Airways (UK), departing from New York John F. Kennedy on Sat, Apr 27, arriving in Paros.Inbound ...United flights from New York/Newark to Rome from. $ 623. * 1 Passenger, Economy. Home. United flights. Flights to Italy. New York/Newark - Rome. Featured …1 stop. from $357. Rome.$417 per passenger.Departing Sat, Mar 1, returning Mon, Mar 10.Round-trip flight with Scandinavian Airlines.Outbound indirect flight with Scandinavian Airlines, departing from New York John F. Kennedy on Sat, Mar 1, arriving in Rome Fiumicino.Inbound indirect flight with Scandinavian Airlines, departing from Rome ...Most popular destinations from New York (JFK) Fly Emirates to New York (JFK) and beyond. Get inspired by our recommended destinations and book your next flight or vacation today. And on your way, enjoy superior comfort, gourmet meals and award-winning entertainment with us, whether you’re flying in Economy Class, Premium Economy, … Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at $217 for one-way flights and $405 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Book one-way or return flights from New York to Rome with no change fee on selected flights. Earn your airline miles on top of our rewards! All Nippon Airways (ANA) Mileage Club. United Airlines Polaris business class is a great way to get between the U.S. and Italy. Image Credit: Chris Hassan. The first program to look at for award flights between the U.S. and Italy is the ANA Mileage Club.Compare flight deals to Rome from New York Newark from over 1,000 providers. Then choose the cheapest plane tickets or fastest journeys. Flex your dates to find the best New York Newark–Rome ticket prices. If you're flexible when it comes to your travel dates, use Skyscanner's "Whole month" tool to find the cheapest month, and even day to fly ...I've booked plenty of flights to Europe from NYC around this time for middle of summer and for hubs like Barcelona and Rome I've maybe seen it like $1k once. Usually much cheaper than that. It's not just Europe. In the US plenty of cities that used to be 100-150/night are now 220-300/night.Flying time from New York, NY to Rome, Italy. The total flight duration from New York, NY to Rome, Italy is 9 hours, 5 minutes. This assumes an average flight speed for a commercial airliner of 500 mph, which is equivalent to 805 km/h or 434 knots. It also adds an extra 30 minutes for take-off and landing. Your exact time may vary depending on ... Find flights to Rome from $212. Fly from New York John F Kennedy Airport on Norse Atlantic Airways, Air Canada and more. Search for Rome flights on KAYAK now to find the best deal. There are 3 airlines that fly nonstop from New York to Berlin. They are: Delta, Norse Atlantic Airways and United Airlines. The cheapest price of all airlines flying this route was found with Norse Atlantic Airways at $369 for a one-way flight. On average, the best prices for this route can be found at Norse Atlantic Airways.There are 5 airlines that fly nonstop from New York to Rome. They are: American Airlines, Delta, ITA Airways, Norse Atlantic Airways and United Airlines. The cheapest price of all airlines flying this route was found with Norse Atlantic Airways at $396 for a one-way flight. On average, the best prices for this route can be found at Norse ...This allows you to pick the cheapest days to fly if your trip allows flexibility and score cheap flight deals to Rome. Roundtrip prices range from $83 - $138, and one-ways to Rome start as low as $44. Be aware that choosing a non-stop flight can sometimes be more expensive while saving you time. And routes with connections may be available at a ...Thu, May 23 FCO – JFK with Norse Atlantic Airways. Direct. from $363. Rome.$433 per passenger.Departing Tue, Oct 1, returning Wed, Oct 9.Round-trip flight with LEVEL.Outbound indirect flight with LEVEL, departing from New York John F. Kennedy on Tue, Oct 1, arriving in Rome Fiumicino.Inbound indirect flight with LEVEL, …Browse through some of the cheapest Icelandair flights traveling from Buffalo to Rome. Ensure the flight price, dates, time, and airline match your criteria before you book. Thu 4/25 6:00 am BUF - FCO. 2 stops 26h 55m Icelandair. Mon 5/6 3:25 pm FCO - BUF. 2 stops 37h 06m Icelandair.Flights from New York to Rome. Use Google Flights to plan your next trip and find cheap one way or round trip flights from New York to Rome. Find the best flights fast,...Airfares from $453 One Way, $544 Round Trip from Buffalo to Rome. Prices starting at $544 for return flights and $453 for one-way flights to Rome were the cheapest prices found within the past 7 days, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Tue, Feb 25 - Fri, Mar 7.Cheap Flights from Albany to Rome (ALB-FCO) Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at $497 for one-way flights and $557 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Book one-way or return flights from Albany to Rome with no change fee on selected flights.Compare flight deals to Rome Fiumicino from New York from over 1,000 providers. Then choose the cheapest plane tickets or fastest journeys. Flex your dates …Fly Emirates to New York John F Kennedy (JFK) and beyond. Get inspired by our recommended destinations and book your next flight or holiday today. And on your way, enjoy superior comfort, gourmet meals and award-winning entertainment with us, whether you’re flying in Economy Class, Premium Economy, Business Class or First Class. …New York to Rome flight time & Flights Info. Flight Time. 8 hours 21 minutes. Latest Flight. 21:30⇒12:05. Direct Flight Price. US$422.The country’s capital, Rome, is known for the Vatican and the Colosseum. Florence is home to Michelangelo’s David, Venice has its famous canals, and Milan is a world fashion capital. In addition to ... For flights operated by Delta, you can fly nonstop between U.S. cities and Italy for 30,000 points in economy or 50,000 points in ... Airfares from $217 One Way, $323 Round Trip from New York to Rome. Prices starting at $323 for return flights and $217 for one-way flights to Rome were the cheapest prices found within the past 7 days, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Tue, Apr 23 - Thu, May 23. Business Class. $1,497. Rome Fiumicino Airport. Search and compare business class flight deals to Rome. Fly from New York from $1,629, from Newark from $1,824. Book your business class tickets to Rome. Book one-way or return flights from New York to Rome with no change fee on selected flights. Earn your airline miles on top of our rewards! Get great 2024 flight deals from New York to Rome now! There are 5 airlines that fly nonstop from New York to Rome. They are: American Airlines, Delta, ITA Airways, Norse Atlantic Airways and United Airlines. The cheapest price of all airlines flying this route was found with Norse Atlantic Airways at $396 for a one-way flight. On average, the best prices for this route can be found at Norse ...
Business Class. Rome Ciampino Airport. $1,497. Rome Fiumicino Airport. Search and compare business class flight deals to Rome. Fly from New York from $1,629, from Newark from $1,824. Book your business class tickets to Rome. . Nepali translate to english
The cheapest return flight ticket from Rome to New York found by KAYAK users in the last 72 hours was for $342 on Norse Atlantic Airways, followed by Scandinavian Airlines …Flight deals from New York to Rome. Looking for a cheap last-minute deal or the best return flight from New York to Rome? Find the lowest prices on one-way and return …Cheap flights from Buffalo (BUF) to Rome (FCO) Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at CA $655 for one-way flights and CA $751 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Book one-way or return flights from Buffalo to Rome with no change fee on selected flights.Compare flight deals to Rome from New York Newark from over 1,000 providers. Then choose the cheapest plane tickets or fastest journeys. Flex your dates to find the best New York Newark–Rome ticket prices. If you're flexible when it comes to your travel dates, use Skyscanner's "Whole month" tool to find the cheapest month, and even day to fly ...Use Google Flights to find cheap departing flights to Rome and to track prices for specific travel dates for your next getaway.Rome Ciampino Airport. $1,497. Rome Fiumicino Airport. Search and compare business class flight deals to Rome. Fly from New York from $1,629, from Newark from $1,824. Book your business class tickets to Rome. Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at $217 for one-way flights and $405 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Book one-way or return flights from New York to Rome with no change fee on selected flights. Earn your airline miles on top of our rewards! Flights from Rome to New York. Use Google Flights to plan your next trip and find cheap one way or round trip flights from Rome to New York. Find the best flights fast, track...Calculation principles. The myclimate flight calculator determines the quantity of CO 2 emissions that an aeroplane gives off per passenger for a given flight distance. Nitrogen compounds and aerosols are also included and converted into CO 2. The calculation is based on average consumption data for typical short-haul and long-haul aeroplanes.$217 Cheap Flights from New York (NYC) to Rome (FCO) Bundle Your Flight + Hotel & Save! Roundtrip. One-way. Multi-city. 1 traveler. Economy. Leaving from. Going to. …How many flights operate between New York and Rome? The route from New York to Rome is served by 1 airline(s) with 12 flights per week. Its weekly capacity is 14,494. How often is flight UA40 delayed? On average, 37% of all flights are delayed. The average delay is 204 minutes. Cheap Flights from New York to Rome (NYC-ROM) Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at $217 for one-way flights and $405 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Book one-way or return flights from New York to Rome with no change fee on selected flights. Book your ITA Airways flight from New York to Rome and discover the Eternal City, the ancient capital of the world with an unparalleled historical and artistic heritage. Fly from New York to Rome with ITA Airways. Discover all exclusive advantages for you and book your ticket now. We look forward to welcoming you on board.3 days ago · Sun, May 12 FCO – JFK with Norse Atlantic Airways. 1 stop. from $308. Rome.$315 per passenger.Departing Thu, Apr 18, returning Tue, Apr 23.Round-trip flight with Norse Atlantic Airways.Outbound direct flight with Norse Atlantic Airways departing from New York John F. Kennedy on Thu, Apr 18, arriving in Rome Fiumicino.Inbound direct flight ... Prices were available within the past 7 days and start at $494 for one-way flights and $556 for round trip, for the period specified. Prices and availability are subject to change. Additional terms apply. Book one-way or return flights from Rochester to Rome with no change fee on selected flights. Earn your airline miles on top of our rewards!Direct. Tue, Apr 23 FCO – JFK with Norse Atlantic Airways. Direct. from $315. Rome.$316 per passenger.Departing Wed, Apr 24, returning Fri, May 3.Round-trip flight with Norse Atlantic Airways.Outbound direct flight with Norse Atlantic Airways departing from New York John F. Kennedy on Wed, Apr 24, arriving in Rome Fiumicino.Inbound ….